Review Summary of the Atlantic Study Theology Even if You Dont Believe in God

Book by Richard Dawkins

The God Mirage
The God Delusion UK.jpg

First edition UK comprehend

Writer Richard Dawkins
Country Britain
Language English
Subjects
  • Criticism of religion
  • atheism
Publisher Bantam Books

Publication engagement

ii Oct 2006
Media type Impress (hardcover and paperback)
Pages 464
ISBN 978-0-618-68000-9

Dewey Decimal

211/.8 22
LC Class BL2775.iii .D39 2006

The God Delusion is a 2006 book by British evolutionary biologist, ethologist Richard Dawkins, a professorial fellow at New College, Oxford[1] [2] and, at the time of publication, the Charles Simonyi Chair for the Public Understanding of Science at the University of Oxford.

In The God Mirage, Dawkins contends that a supernatural creator, God, almost certainly does not exist, and that belief in a personal god qualifies as a delusion, which he defines as a persistent false belief held in the face of stiff contradictory evidence. He is sympathetic to Robert Pirsig'south statement in Lila (1991) that "when one person suffers from a delusion it is called insanity. When many people suffer from a delusion it is called religion."[3] With many examples, he explains that one does non need religion to be moral and that the roots of faith and of morality can be explained in non-religious terms.

In early on December 2006, it reached number 4 in the New York Times Hardcover Non-Fiction Best Seller list after 9 weeks on the list.[4] More than than three million copies were sold.[v] According to Dawkins in a 2016 interview with Matt Dillahunty, an unauthorised Arabic translation of this book has been downloaded 3 1000000 times in Saudi arabia.[6] The volume has attracted widespread commentary, with many books written in response.

Background [edit]

Dawkins has argued confronting creationist explanations of life in his previous works on evolution. The theme of The Blind Watchmaker, published in 1986, is that development tin explain the apparent design in nature. In The God Mirage he focuses direct on a wider range of arguments used for and against conventionalities in the existence of a god (or gods).

Dawkins identifies himself repeatedly as an atheist, while likewise pointing out that, in a sense, he is besides agnostic, though "only to the extent that I am agnostic well-nigh fairies at the bottom of the garden".[7]

Dawkins had long wanted to write a book openly criticising faith, merely his publisher had brash against it. By 2006, his publisher had warmed to the idea. Dawkins attributes this alter of listen to "four years of Bush-league" (who "literally said that God had told him to invade Iraq").[8] [nine] By that fourth dimension, a number of authors, including Sam Harris and Christopher Hitchens, who together with Dawkins were labelled "The Unholy Trinity" by Robert Weitzel, had already written books openly attacking organized religion.[10] According to the Amazon.co.great britain retailer in August 2007, the book was the best-seller in their sales of books on organized religion and spirituality, with Hitchens'south God is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything coming 2d. This led to a l% growth in that category over the iii years to that date.[11]

Synopsis [edit]

Dawkins dedicates the book to Douglas Adams and quotes the novelist: "Isn't it plenty to see that a garden is beautiful without having to believe that there are fairies at the bottom of it besides?"[12] : vii The book contains ten chapters. The first few chapters make a case that at that place almost certainly is no God, while the residual discuss religion and morality.

Dawkins writes that The God Delusion contains four "consciousness-raising" messages:

  1. Atheists can be happy, counterbalanced, moral, and intellectually fulfilled.
  2. Natural pick and similar scientific theories are superior to a "God hypothesis"—the illusion of intelligent design—in explaining the living world and the creation.
  3. Children should non be labelled by their parents' organized religion. Terms like "Catholic child" or "Muslim child" should make people cringe.
  4. Atheists should be proud, non apologetic, because atheism is evidence of a healthy, independent mind.[3]

"God hypothesis" [edit]

Chapter one, "A securely religious non-laic", seeks to clarify the departure between what Dawkins terms "Einsteinian religion" and "supernatural faith". He notes that the old includes quasi-mystical and pantheistic references to God in the work of physicists like Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking, and describes such pantheism as "sexed up atheism". Dawkins instead takes issue with the theism present in religions like Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism.[13] The proposed beingness of this interventionist God, which Dawkins calls the "God Hypothesis", becomes an important theme in the book.[14] He maintains that the being or non-existence of God is a scientific fact about the universe, which is discoverable in principle if not in practice.[15]

Dawkins summarises the main philosophical arguments on God's existence, singling out the statement from pattern for longer consideration. Dawkins concludes that evolution by natural option can explain apparent pattern in nature.[iii]

He writes that one of the greatest challenges to the human intellect has been to explicate "how the complex, improbable design in the universe arises", and suggests that in that location are 2 competing explanations:

  1. A hypothesis involving a designer, that is, a complex being to account for the complexity that we see.
  2. A hypothesis, with supporting theories, that explains how, from simple origins and principles, something more complex can emerge.

This is the basic set-up of his argument against the existence of God, the Ultimate Boeing 747 gambit,[xvi] where he argues that the first attempt is self-refuting, and the second approach is the way frontwards.[17]

At the cease of affiliate 4 ("Why in that location almost certainly is no God"), Dawkins sums up his argument and states, "The temptation [to attribute the appearance of design to bodily design itself] is a fake one, because the designer hypothesis immediately raises the larger trouble of who designed the designer. The whole problem we started out with was the problem of explaining statistical improbability. It is obviously no solution to postulate something even more than improbable".[18] In improver, affiliate 4 asserts that the alternative to the designer hypothesis is non chance, simply natural option.

Dawkins does not claim to disprove God with absolute certainty. Instead, he suggests as a full general principle that simpler explanations are preferable (see Occam'south razor) and that an omniscient or omnipotent God must be extremely circuitous (Dawkins argues that it is logically impossible for a God to be simultaneously all-seeing and omnipotent). As such he argues that the theory of a universe without a God is preferable to the theory of a universe with a God.[19]

Religion and morality [edit]

The second half of the book begins by exploring the roots of religion and seeking an explanation for its ubiquity beyond human cultures. Dawkins advocates the "theory of faith every bit an accidental by-product – a misfiring of something useful"[20] as for instance the mind'south employment of intentional opinion. Dawkins suggests that the theory of memes, and human being susceptibility to religious memes in particular, can explicate how religions might spread similar "mind viruses" beyond societies.[21]

He so turns to the subject field of morality, maintaining that we do not need faith to exist practiced. Instead, our morality has a Darwinian explanation: altruistic genes, selected through the process of evolution, requite people natural empathy. He asks, "would yous commit murder, rape or robbery if you knew that no God existed?" He argues that very few people would answer "yeah", undermining the merits that religion is needed to make us behave morally. In support of this view, he surveys the history of morality, arguing that there is a moral Zeitgeist that continually evolves in society, generally progressing toward liberalism. As it progresses, this moral consensus influences how religious leaders translate their holy writings. Thus, Dawkins states, morality does non originate from the Bible, rather our moral progress informs what parts of the Bible Christians take and what they at present dismiss.[22]

Other themes [edit]

The God Delusion is not just a defence of atheism, simply also goes on the offensive against faith. Dawkins sees organized religion as subverting science, fostering fanaticism, encouraging discrimination against homosexuals, and influencing society in other negative means.[23] Dawkins regards faith as a "divisive forcefulness" and as a "characterization for in-group/out-group enmity and vendetta".[24]

He is most outraged about the teaching of religion in schools, which he considers to be an indoctrination process. He equates the religious teaching of children past parents and teachers in faith schools to a form of mental abuse. Dawkins considers the labels "Muslim child" and "Catholic child" equally misapplied every bit the descriptions "Marxist child" and "Tory child", as he wonders how a young kid can be considered developed enough to have such independent views on the cosmos and humanity'southward place inside information technology.

The book concludes with the question of whether organized religion, despite its alleged bug, fills a "much needed gap", giving alleviation and inspiration to people who need information technology. Co-ordinate to Dawkins, these needs are much better filled by not-religious means such as philosophy and scientific discipline. He suggests that an atheistic worldview is life-affirming in a manner that religion, with its unsatisfying "answers" to life's mysteries, could never be. An appendix gives addresses for those "needing support in escaping religion".

Critical reception [edit]

The book provoked an firsthand response, both positive and negative, and was published with endorsements from scientists, such as Nobel laureate and co-discoverer of the structure of Dna James D. Watson, Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker, as well as the popular writers of fiction and illusionists Penn and Teller.[25] Metacritic reported that the book had a weighted average score of 59 out of 100.[26] The book was nominated for Best Book at the British Book Awards, where Richard Dawkins was named Writer of the Yr.[27] Nevertheless, the book received mixed reviews from critics, including both religious and atheist commentators.[28] [29] In the London Review of Books, Terry Eagleton accused Richard Dawkins of not doing proper enquiry into the topic of his work, religion, and further agreed with critics who accused Dawkins of committing harbinger man fallacies against theists (something Dawkins rebuts).[30]

Oxford theologian Alister McGrath (author of The Dawkins Mirage? and Dawkins' God) argues that Dawkins is ignorant of Christian theology, and therefore unable to engage religion and faith intelligently.[31] In reply, Dawkins asks: "Do you take to read upwards on leprechology before disbelieving in leprechauns?",[32] and—in the paperback edition of The God Delusion—he refers to the American biologist PZ Myers, who has satirised this line of argument as "The Courtier's Reply".[33] Dawkins had an extended debate with McGrath at the 2007 Sunday Times Literary Festival.[34]

Eastern Orthodox theologian David Bentley Hart says that Dawkins "devoted several pages of The God Delusion to a discussion of the 'Five Ways' of Thomas Aquinas only never thought to avail himself of the services of some scholar of ancient and mediaeval thought who might accept explained them to him ... As a upshot, he not only mistook the Five Ways for Thomas'southward comprehensive statement on why we should believe in God, which they most definitely are non, merely ended up completely misrepresenting the logic of every single one of them, and at the most basic levels."[35]

Christian philosopher Keith Ward, in his 2006 book Is Faith Dangerous?, argues against the view of Dawkins and others that religion is socially dangerous.

Ethicist Margaret Somerville[36] suggested that Dawkins "overstates the example confronting religion",[37] particularly its office in human conflict.

Many of Dawkins' defenders claim that critics generally misunderstand his real betoken. During a contend on Radio three Hong Kong, David Nicholls, writer and president of the Atheist Foundation of Australia, reiterated Dawkins' sentiments that religion is an "unnecessary" attribute of global bug.[38] Dawkins argues that "the existence of God is a scientific hypothesis like any other".[39] He disagrees with Stephen Jay Gould's principle of nonoverlapping magisteria (NOMA). In an interview with the Fourth dimension magazine, Dawkins said:

I call up that Gould's carve up compartments was a purely political ploy to win middle-of-the-road religious people to the science camp. But it's a very empty idea. There are plenty of places where religion does not keep off the scientific turf. Any belief in miracles is flat contradictory not just to the facts of science but to the spirit of science.[40]

Astrophysicist Martin Rees has suggested that Dawkins' attack on mainstream organized religion is unhelpful.[41] Regarding Rees' merits in his book Our Cosmic Habitat that "such questions prevarication beyond scientific discipline; however, they are the province of philosophers and theologians", Dawkins asks "what expertise tin theologians bring to deep cosmological questions that scientists cannot?"[42] [43] Elsewhere, Dawkins has written that "at that place's all the difference in the world between a belief that 1 is prepared to defend by quoting evidence and logic, and a belief that is supported by nothing more than tradition, potency or revelation."[44]

Debate [edit]

On three October 2007, John Lennox, Professor of Mathematics at the University of Oxford, publicly debated Richard Dawkins at the University of Alabama at Birmingham on Dawkins' views as expressed in The God Delusion, and their validity over and confronting the Christian religion.[45] [46] [47] "The God Delusion Debate" marked Dawkins' showtime visit to the Old South and the first significant discussion on this issue in the "Bible Belt".[48] The event was sold out, and the Wall Street Journal called it "a revelation: in Alabama, a civil argue over God's existence."[49] [50] Dawkins debated Lennox for the second fourth dimension at the Oxford Academy Museum of Natural History in Oct 2008. The debate was titled "Has Scientific discipline Buried God?", in which Dawkins used a form of an Eddington concession in saying that, although he would not accept it, a reasonably respectable example could be made for "a deistic god, a sort of god of the physicist, a god of somebody similar Paul Davies, who devised the laws of physics, god the mathematician, god who put together the creation in the first identify and then sat back and watched everything happen" but not for a theistic god.[51] [52] [53] [54] Several days after, in a public debate in Inverness, Scotland, John Lennox used this part of Dawkins' speech out of context challenge that "Dawkins now believes that a adept example can be made for deism", which Dawkins refuted in his conference in Atlanta, describing Lennox every bit insincere.[55] [56]

Reviews and responses [edit]

  • Alvin Plantinga: The Dawkins Confusion[57]
  • Anthony Kenny: Cognition Conventionalities and Religion[58]
  • Thomas Nagel: The Fear of Religion[59]
  • Michael Ruse: Chicago Journals Review[60]
  • Richard Swinburne: Response to Richard Dawkins[61]
  • Alister McGrath and Joanna Collicutt McGrath: The Dawkins Mirage? [62]
  • H. Allen Orr: A Mission to Catechumen[63]
  • Terry Eagleton: London Review of Books, Lunging, Flailing, Mispunching[64]
  • Antony Flew: The God Delusion Review[65] – Dawkins response[66]
  • Murrough O'Brien of The Independent: Our Teapot which art in sky[67] – Dawkins responds: Do you accept to read up on leprechology earlier disbelieving in them?[68]
  • Marilynne Robinson: The God Mirage Review, Harper's Mag 2006[69]
  • Simon Watson: "Richard Dawkins' The God Mirage and Atheist Fundamentalism," in Anthropoetics: The Journal of Generative Anthropology (Jump 2010)[70]
  • William Lane Craig: "Dawkins' Delusion", web article excerpted from Contending with Christianity'due south Critics [71]

Sales [edit]

As of January 2010, the English version of The God Delusion had sold over 2 million copies.[72] As of September 2014[update], it increased to iii million copies.[73] It was ranked second on the Amazon.com best-sellers' list in Nov 2006.[74] Information technology remained on the listing for 51 weeks until 30 September 2007.[75] The German version, entitled Der Gotteswahn, had sold over 260,000 copies as of 28 January 2010[update].[76] The God Delusion has been translated into 35 languages.[5]

Awards [edit]

For The God Delusion, Dawkins was named Author of the Year at the 2007 British Volume Awards. The Giordano Bruno Foundation awarded the 2007 Deschner Prize to Dawkins for the "outstanding contribution to strengthen secular, scientific, and humanistic thinking" in his book.[77]

Responding books [edit]

Many books have been written in response to The God Delusion.[78] For case:

  • The Devil'due south Delusion, by David Berlinski
  • Darwin'southward Angel, past John Cornwell
  • God's Undertaker: Has Scientific discipline Buried God?, by John Lennox (Oxford: Lion, 2009)
  • The Dawkins Delusion?, by Alister McGrath and Joanna Collicutt McGrath

Legal repercussions in Turkey [edit]

In Turkey, where the volume had sold at least 6,000 copies,[79] a prosecutor launched a probe into whether The God Delusion was "an assault on holy values", post-obit a complaint in November 2007. If convicted, the Turkish publisher and translator, Erol Karaaslan, would have faced a prison judgement of inciting religious hatred and insulting religious values.[80] In April 2008, the courtroom acquitted the defendant. In ruling out the need to confiscate copies of the book, the presiding judge stated that banning it "would fundamentally limit the freedom of thought".[81]

Dawkins' website, richarddawkins.net, was banned in Turkey subsequently that year afterward complaints from Islamic creationist Adnan Oktar (Harun Yahya) for alleged defamation.[82] Past July 2011, the ban had been lifted.[83]

Editions [edit]

English [edit]

List of editions in English:

  • (in English) The God Delusion, hardcover edition, Bantam Press, 2006.
    • The God Delusion, paperback edition (with new preface past Richard Dawkins), Blackness Swan, 2007.
    • The God Delusion, 10th ceremony edition (with new introduction by Richard Dawkins and afterword by Daniel Dennett), Blackness Swan, 2016.

Translations [edit]

The book has been officially translated into many different languages, such as Spanish, German, Italian, and Turkish. Dawkins has also promoted unofficial translations of the book in languages such as Arabic[84] and Bengali.[85] In that location are also Telugu and Tamil translations of the book. The Richard Dawkins Foundation offers costless translations in Arabic, Urdu, Farsi, and Indonesian.[86]

Non-exhaustive list of international editions:

  • (in Greek) Η περί Θεού αυταπάτη, translated by Maria Giatroudaki, Panagiotis Delivorias, Alekos Mamalis, Nikos Ntaikos, Kostas Simos, Vasilis Sakellariou, 2007 (ISBN 978-960-6717-07-9).
  • (Brazilian Portuguese) Deus, um Delírio, translated by Fernanda Ravagnani, São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2007 (ISBN 9788535910704).
  • (European Portuguese) A desilusão de Deus, translated past Lígia Rodrigues and Maria João Camilo, Lisbon: Casa das Letras, 2007 (ISBN 978-972-46-1758-ix).
  • (in Swedish) Illusionen om Gud, translated by Margareta Eklöf, Stockholm: Leopard, 2007 (ISBN 9789173431767).
  • (in Finnish) Jumalharha, translated by Kimmo Pietiläinen, Helsinki: Terra Cognita, 2007 (ISBN 9789525697001).
  • (in Turkish) Tanri Yanilgisi, translated past Tnc Bilgin, Kuzey Yayinlari, 2007 (ISBN 9944315117).
  • (in Croatian) Iluzija o Bogu, translated by Žarko Vodinelić, Zagreb: Izvori, 2007 (ISBN 0-618-68000-4).
  • (in High german) Der Gotteswahn, translated past Sebastian Vogel, Ullstein Taschenbuch, 2008 (ISBN 3548372325).
  • (in French) Pour en finir avec Dieu, translated by Marie-France Desjeux-Lefort, 2008 (ISBN 9782221108932).
  • (in Italian) L'illusione di Dio, translated past Laura Serra, Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 2008 (ISBN 8804581646).
  • (in Norwegian) Gud - en vrangforestilling translated by Finn B. Larsen and Ingrid Sande Larsen, 2007 (ISBN 9788292769027).
  • (in Russian) Бог как иллюзия, 2008 (ISBN 978-5-389-00334-7).
  • (in Tamil) கடவுள் ஒரு பொய் நம்பிக்கை, translated by G. V. K. Aasaan, Cen̲n̲ai, 2009 (ISBN 9788189788056).[87]
  • (in Spanish) El espejismo de Dios, translated past Natalia Pérez-Galdós, Madrid: Espasa, 2013 (ISBN 8467031972).
  • (in Latvian) Dieva delūzija, translated by Aldis Lauzis, Riga: Jumava, 2014 (ISBN 9789934115202).
  • (in Slovak) Boží blud, translated by Jana Lenzová, Bratislava: Citadella, 2016 (ISBN 9788089628667).
  • (in Slovene) Bog kot zabloda, translated past Maja Novak, Ljubljana: Modrijan, 2016 (ISBN 9789612419646).
  • (in Czech) Boží blud, translated by Zuzana Gabajová, Prague: Citadella, 2016 (ISBN 9788081820465).

Interviews [edit]

  • "The flight spaghetti monster", interview with Steve Paulson, Salon.com, xiii October 2006
  • "God vs. Science", give-and-take with Francis Collins, TIME, 13 November 2006
  • "The God Mirage", interview with George Stroumboulopoulos, The Hr, v May 2007
  • "God . . . in other words", interview with Ruth Gledhill, The Times, 10 May 2007
  • "Richard Dawkins: An Argument for Atheism", interview with Terry Gross, Fresh Air, vii March 2008

See likewise [edit]

  • Religious delusion
  • Amanuensis detection
  • Atheism: The Case Against God (1974) by George H. Smith
  • Breaking the Spell: Faith as a Natural Phenomenon, (2006) a similar book by Daniel Dennett
  • Efficacy of prayer
  • Evolutionary psychology of religion
  • The Futurity of an Illusion (1927) by Sigmund Freud, which too proposes that theism results from a delusional belief system
  • God of the gaps
  • Morality without religion
  • Pascal'southward Wager
  • New Atheism
  • Spectrum of theistic probability

References [edit]

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  2. ^ Staff (2008). "(Clinton) Richard Dawkins". Who's Who. London: A & C Black.
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  4. ^ "Hardcover Nonfiction – New York Times". The New York Times. 3 December 2006. Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2006.
  5. ^ a b Richard Dawkins, Brief Candle in the Dark: My Life in Science, Bantam Printing, 2015, folio 173 (ISBN 978-0-59307-256-1).
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  7. ^ The God Delusion, page 51.
  8. ^ Richard Dawkins, Cursory Candle in the Dark: My Life in Science, Runted Printing, 2015, folio 171 (ISBN 978-0-59307-256-1).
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  12. ^ The God Delusion
  13. ^ Dawkins 2006, pp. 9–27.
  14. ^ The God Delusion, page 31
  15. ^ The God Delusion, page 50.
  16. ^ The God Mirage, page 114
  17. ^ This interpretation of the argument is based on the reviews by Daniel Dennett and PZ Myers.
  18. ^ The God Delusion, page 158
  19. ^ The God Mirage, page 147-150
  20. ^ "The general theory of faith as an accidental by-product – a misfiring of something useful – is the one I wish to advocate" The God Delusion, p. 188
  21. ^ "the purpose of this section is to ask whether meme theory might work for the special instance of religion" (italics in original, referring to 1 of the v sections of Affiliate five), The God Delusion, p. 191
  22. ^ Having given some examples of what he considers to be the hardhearted morality of the One-time Testament, Dawkins writes, "Of course, irritated theologians will protest that nosotros don't take the volume of Genesis literally any more than. But that is my whole point! We pick and choose which bits of scripture to believe, which $.25 to write off as symbols and allegories." The God Mirage, p. 238.
  23. ^ He gives examples of cases where blasphemy laws accept been used to sentence people to decease, and when funerals of gays or gay sympathisers accept been picketed. Dawkins states preachers in the southern portions of the United states used the Bible to justify slavery by challenge Africans were descendants of Noah's sinful son Ham. During the Crusades, pagans and heretics who would not convert to Christianity were murdered. In an extreme example from modern times, he cites the example of Reverend Paul Colina, who revelled in his cocky-styled martyrdom: "I expect a great reward in sky... I am looking forward to glory," he announced as he faced execution for murdering a doctor who performed abortions in Florida, USA.
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  39. ^ Dawkins 2006, p. 50
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Further reading [edit]

Chronological guild of publication (oldest first)

  • Joan Bakewell: "Judgment Solar day", The Guardian, 23 September 2006
  • Stephen D. Unwin: "Dawkins needs to evidence some doubt", The Guardian, 29 September 2006
  • Crispin Tickell: "Heaven can expect", Fiscal Times (requires subscription). xxx September 2006
  • Paul Riddell: "Did Man really create God?", The Scotsman, 6 October 2006
  • Mary Midgley: "review", New Scientist (requires subscription). vii Oct 2006
  • Troy Jollimore: "Improve Living Without God?", San Francisco Relate, 15 October 2006
  • PZ Myers: "Bad Organized religion", Seed magazine, 22 Oct 2006
  • Jim Holt: "Beyond belief", The New York Times, 22 October 2006
  • Terry Eagleton: "Lunging, Flailing, Mispunching", London Review of Books, Vol.28, No.20,19 October 2006
  • Marilynne Robinson: "The God Delusion", Harper's Mag, November 2006
  • Eric West. Lin: "Dawkins Says God Is Not Dead, But He Should Exist", The Harvard Scarlet, 1 November 2006
  • James Wood: "The Angelic Teapot", The New Republic, December 2006
  • Michael Fitzpatrick: "The Dawkins delusion", Spiked, 18 Dec 2006
  • Bill Muehlenberg: "A Review of The God Delusion": Part i, Part 2, on the Australian commentator'due south CultureWatch weblog
  • Robert Stewart: "A detailed summary and review of The God Delusion", The Periodical of Evolutionary Philosophy. 2006
  • H. Allen Orr: "A Mission to Convert", The New York Review of Books, eleven January 2007
  • Steven Weinberg: "A deadly finality", The Times Literary Supplement (requires subscription), 17 January 2007
  • Alister McGrath: The Dawkins Mirage, 15 February 2007
  • Scott Hahn: Answering the New Atheism: Dismantling Dawkins' Example Against God, Emmaus Road Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-1-931018-48-7

External links [edit]

  • Newsnight Book Club – Extracts from The God Delusion
  • Richard Dawkins interviewed past Laurie Taylor in New Humanist magazine
  • The God Mirage Argue (Dawkins – Lennox) (ten/03/2007)
  • Free Urdu language translation of The God Delusion

stricklandhatomentand.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_God_Delusion

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